We are starting a block on heat and temperature. Since heat is the movement of energy, I gave the students a brief overview of the concept of energy. So....what is energy? Well, that's not that easy of a question to answer. Today's class tried to define it and it's not simple.
Energy is defined in the physics books as being able to do work. Uh huh, great...so what's work?
Work is the exertion of force over a distance. So, work is when something gets pushed or pulled over a distance. Mathematically it's Work = Force x Distance. If I was to lift an apple up a flight of stairs, I would be doing work. However, if I where to push against a wall with all my might, and if the wall never moved, I would be doing no work. There was no distance moved. Also, if instead of lifting that apple up a flight of stairs, I only moved it across the table, I also did no work. There was distance but there was really no force (a slight bit of force overcoming friction but very little). Another way to look at this, is to say that work is done if energy is changed. By pushing on the non-moving wall, no energy is changed in the wall. By moving the apple across the table, no energy is changed for the apple. If I lift the apple up a flight of stairs however, the apple now has more potential energy then it had when it started. The apple's energy has changed so work has been done. (We'll define potential energy more next week.)
If we wish to talk about energy further we need to have a unit of measurement. For energy, a couple of units are the Joule or the Calorie. A Joule is the energy needed to lift one Newton one meter. "Arrghh, Jim, there's another new word!!! What in the world is a Newton?!" Sorry, your right. Ok, a Newton is a unit of force. One Newton is about the amount of force it takes to lift an apple. So, if you lifted an apple one meter (about 3 feet) into the air you would have exerted one Joule of energy to do it. The calorie is generally used to talk about heat energy and you're familiar with due to food and exercise.
Homework due 11/2
We also worked a bit with creating and working with formulas today. For homework next week, I'd like the students to complete the enclosed worksheet on converting english to mathese.
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"Science Jim" Mueller
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